What is integrated circuit?

An integrated circuit, commonly referred to as a microchip or IC, comprises multiple interconnected electronic elements like transistors, resistors, and capacitors on a diminutive piece of semiconductor material, typically silicon. These circuits find application across diverse electronic devices like computers, smartphones, and televisions, serving functions like information processing and storage. Their impact on electronics is profound, facilitating device miniaturization and enhanced functionalities.

Compared to discrete component constructions, integrated circuits are significantly smaller, swifter, and more cost-effective, allowing for a high transistor count.

The mass production capability, reliability, and modular design approach of integrated circuits have spurred the swift adoption of standardized ICs, replacing designs reliant on discrete transistors. Virtually all electronic equipment now leverages ICs, fundamentally transforming the realm of electronics. Modern societies rely heavily on computers, mobile phones, and various home appliances, made feasible by the compact size and affordability of ICs like contemporary computer processors and microcontrollers.